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Herbs & Cultures

From Ayurveda to Rongoā Māori

Herbal knowledge and the cultures that passed it on

Communities around the world learned how plants nourish, care and heal. Here their traditions stand beside present-day use, with respect for every culture.

All 980 herbs from 43 traditions

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743 results

  • Caution

    Asia · Mineral · № 784

    Pumice (fu hai shi)

    Pumex

    Traditionally attributed effects: cools hot phlegm in the lungs, softens lumps and promotes urination.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 441

    Spreading hogweed

    Boerhaavia diffusa

    Traditionally attributed effects: bitter, stomachic, laxative, diuretic, expectorant, induces sweating, anti-inflammatory; for asthma, jaundice, oedema, anaemia, internal inflammation, snake bites.

    Ayurveda
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 584

    Gravel root

    Eutrochium purpureum (syn. Eupatorium purpureum)

    Traditionally attributed effects: diuretic, strengthens the nerves, astringent, stimulating, antiseptic; dissolves kidney and bladder stones, removes mineral deposits in joints, traditionally to prevent miscarriage and to prepare for childbirth.

    Indigenous healing traditions of North America+1
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 941

    Purple-stem angelica

    Angelica atropurpurea

    A tall umbellifer with a purple stem, related to European garden angelica. Contains essential oil and furanocoumarins, which make the skin sensitive to sunlight.

    Haudenosaunee medicine
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 561

    Purple tephrosia

    Tephrosia purpurea

    Traditionally attributed effects: fever-reducing, promotes bile, diuretic, decongestant, tonic, laxative, purifies the blood, expels worms; for liver and spleen diseases, indigestion, distended abdomen, chronic diarrhoea, bronchitis, asthma, inflammation; oil for eczema.

    Ayurveda
  • Caution

    Asia · Mineral · № 791

    Pyrite (zi ran tong)

    Pyritum (ijzersulfide)

    Traditionally attributed effects: resolves blood stagnation and helps fractures and ligaments recover.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    South America · Herb · № 1014

    Queñua

    Polylepis (o.a. P. besseri en P. tarapacana)

    Gnarled trees and shrubs of the rose family with reddish-brown bark that peels in thin layers and protects against the cold. Nothing has been studied about its effect in people.

    Kallawaya healing knowledge
  • Caution

    South America · Herb · № 871

    Quinchamalí

    Quinchamalium chilense

    A semi-parasitic herb with orange-yellow flowers in heads. Traditionally for wounds and colds; research is lacking.

    Kallawaya healing knowledge+1
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 989

    Rabbit tobacco

    Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (syn. Gnaphalium obtusifolium)

    An annual, grey-felted herb of the daisy family, with straw-coloured flower heads that keep their shape when dried. The dried herb smells sweet. Flavonoids and essential oil have been found in it; its effect is little studied.

    Cherokee medicine
  • Caution

    South America · Herb · № 872

    Radal

    Lomatia hirsuta

    A tree of the protea family with large toothed leaves and beautifully figured wood. Traditionally for coughs; research is lacking.

    Mapuche medicine
  • Caution

    Asia · Food · № 545

    Radish

    Raphanus sativus

    Traditionally attributed effects: seeds and leaves diuretic, laxative, dissolve stones; juice against scurvy; for painful and difficult urination, stones, urinary diseases, haemorrhoids, stomach ache; syrup for hoarseness, whooping cough and chest complaints.

    Ayurveda+2
  • Caution

    North America · Food · № 936

    Ramps

    Allium tricoccum

    A wild leek with broad leaves and a small bulb, related to European wild garlic. Leaves and bulb taste of onion and garlic.

    Haudenosaunee medicine+1
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 775

    Rangoon creeper (shi jun zi)

    Combretum indicum (syn. Quisqualis indica)

    Traditionally attributed effects: was used against roundworms and for poor digestion in children.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 410

    Rasamala

    Altingia excelsa

    Traditionally attributed effects: stimulating, expectorant, pain-relieving, carminative, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic; for throat complaints, scabies, leucoderma, colic in children, inflamed testicle.

    Ayurveda+1
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 568

    Rasna orchid

    Vanda roxburghii

    Traditionally attributed effects: pain-relieving, carminative, expectorant, strengthens the nerves, lowers blood pressure; oil for rheumatism and nervous diseases; for syphilis, scorpion stings, fever, middle ear infection, indigestion, bronchitis, inflammation, hiccups and trembling.

    Ayurveda
  • Caution

    South America · Herb · № 915

    Rhatany (ratania)

    Krameria lappacea (syn. Krameria triandra)

    A low shrub that is partly parasitic on the roots of other plants. The red root is rich in tannins and is therefore astringent. In Europe rhatany root is listed in the pharmacopoeia and used in mouthwashes and gum remedies.

    Kallawaya healing knowledge+1
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 181

    Indian snakeroot

    Rauvolfia serpentina

    The root contains reserpine, which lowers blood pressure and has a sedative effect. In the 1950s reserpine was one of the first modern antihypertensives and antipsychotics, but it has largely been replaced by drugs with fewer side effects.

    Ayurveda+2
  • Caution

    Asia · Mineral · № 799

    Realgar (xiong huang)

    Realgar (arseensulfide)

    Traditionally attributed effects: was used externally against parasites, itching and sores; contains arsenic.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 673

    Rehmannia

    Rehmannia glutinosa

    Traditionally attributed effects: raw it cools the blood and nourishes yin; prepared (steamed with wine) it nourishes the blood and the kidney yin.

    Chinese medical traditions+2
  • Caution

    Asia · Mushroom · № 690

    Puffball (ma bo)

    Calvatia gigantea (en Lasiosphaera fenzlii)

    Traditionally attributed effects: cools lung fire in sore throat and hoarseness; the spore powder stops bleeding externally.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    South America · Herb · № 888

    Giant horsetail

    Equisetum giganteum

    A large horsetail, rich in silica. Traditionally used as a diuretic, like European field horsetail; good evidence is lacking.

    Kallawaya healing knowledge+1
  • Caution

    Asia · Food · № 408

    Giant taro

    Alocasia macrorrhiza

    Traditionally attributed effects: aids digestion, laxative, diuretic, promotes milk flow; for colic, constipation, haemorrhoids, oedema, worms, mouth ulcers, scorpion stings.

    Ayurveda
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 449

    Crown flower

    Calotropis gigantea

    Traditionally attributed effects: root bark cleansing, tonic, antispasmodic, expectorant, emetic; for dysentery, bronchitis, leprosy, enlarged liver and spleen, oedema, worms; acts on the heart like digitalis.

    Ayurveda+1
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 696

    Rhaponticum root (lou lu)

    Rhaponticum uniflorum

    Traditionally attributed effects: reduces hot swellings, especially in the breast, and promotes milk flow.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 669

    Reed rhizome (lu gen)

    Phragmites australis (syn. P. communis)

    Traditionally attributed effects: cools heat and moistens in thirst, cough with yellow phlegm, vomiting from stomach heat and painful urination.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    Asia · Food · № 267

    Rice

    Oryza sativa

    Traditionally attributed effects: easily digestible, the basis of healing food; good for skin and hair.

    Ayurveda+4Folklore
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 352

    Soapnut

    Sapindus mukorossi

    Traditionally attributed effects: natural shampoo (soapy), cleanses scalp and hair.

    Ayurveda
  • Caution

    Europe · Herb · № 299

    Herb Robert

    Geranium robertianum

    Traditionally attributed effects: astringent, stops bleeding.

    Western herbal medicine
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 967

    Red alder

    Alnus rubra

    A fast-growing alder with smooth grey bark that turns red after cutting. The bark is rich in tannins and astringent.

    Kwakwaka'wakw medicine
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 323

    Slippery elm

    Ulmus rubra (syn. U. fulva)

    Traditionally attributed effects: soothing, nourishing, astringent.

    Indigenous healing traditions of North America+3
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 442

    Silk cotton tree

    Bombax ceiba

    Traditionally attributed effects: gum astringent and stops bleeding; root and bark soothing, diuretic, aphrodisiac; for abnormal uterine bleeding, diarrhoea, dysentery, coughing up blood, heavy menstruation, bladder and kidney stones, boils, itching.

    Ayurveda+2
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 368

    Red root

    Ceanothus americanus

    Traditionally attributed effects: astringent, antispasmodic, expectorant, calming; for a swollen spleen (e.g. after glandular fever), cools and constricts blood vessels in bleeding and congestion of the uterus, liver and lymph.

    Indigenous healing traditions of North America+3
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 346

    Red sandalwood

    Pterocarpus santalinus

    Traditionally attributed effects: antipyretic, fever-reducing, aphrodisiac, astringent, bitter, cooling, induces sweating, expels worms; for chronic dysentery, bleeding haemorrhoids, bile complaints, skin diseases.

    Ayurveda+1
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 975

    Redwood sorrel

    Oxalis oregana

    A low wood sorrel with large clover-like leaves and white or pink flowers, forming carpets under the trees. The leaf tastes sour from oxalic acid.

    Hupa medicine
  • Caution

    South America · Herb · № 1012

    Roq'e

    Colletia spinosissima

    A thorny shrub with green thorns set crosswise and hardly any leaves. It lives together with nitrogen-fixing Frankia bacteria. The bark contains saponins; little has been studied about its effect in people.

    Kallawaya healing knowledge
  • Caution

    Europe · Herb · № 2

    Rosemary

    Salvia rosmarinus (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)

    An aromatic culinary herb with carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid. A few small studies point to a slight effect of the scent on alertness; that it improves memory has not been shown. The leaf is used for digestive complaints.

    Monastic and folk knowledge+4Folklore
Image of Salvia divinorum

Featured · Central America and the Caribbean · Curanderismo

Salvia divinorum

Salvia divinorum

A sage with large leaves containing salvinorin A, a very potent substance acting on the kappa opioid receptor. Brings short-lived, often intense changes in perception and the feeling of leaving the body.

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