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Herbs & Cultures

From Ayurveda to Rongoā Māori

Herbal knowledge and the cultures that passed it on

Communities around the world learned how plants nourish, care and heal. Here their traditions stand beside present-day use, with respect for every culture.

All 980 herbs from 43 traditions

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22 results

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Chinese formulas
Er chen tangQing wei sanDao chi sanSan huang xie xin tangDang gui si ni tangLiang ge sanTian wang bu xin dan
Treatment by condition
Stomach ulcer and gastritis
  • Caution

    Asia · Mineral · № 781

    Borax (peng sha)

    Borax (natriumtetraboraat)

    Traditionally attributed effects: externally for small ulcers in mouth, throat and vagina and for athlete's foot.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    Asia · Other · № 770

    Borneol (bing pian)

    Dryobalanops aromatica (borneol)

    Traditionally attributed effects: opens the sense orifices, cools heat and relieves pain; mainly external.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    South America · Herb · № 857

    Cachanlagua

    Centaurium cachanlahuen

    A small bitter herb with pink flowers, related to the European common centaury. Traditionally for fever and digestion; clinical research is lacking.

    Mapuche medicine
  • Caution

    Asia · Mineral · № 783

    Calcite (han shui shi)

    Calcitum (calciumcarbonaat)

    Traditionally attributed effects: cools heat in fever with thirst and summer heat; externally on hot small ulcers and burns.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    Asia · Mineral · № 797

    Cinnabar (zhu sha)

    Cinnabaris (kwiksulfide)

    Traditionally attributed effects: was used to calm the mind and stop convulsions; contains mercury.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    South America · Herb · № 913

    Corpus way

    Gentianella bicolor

    A small, very bitter herb of the gentian family, related to hercampuri. Gentians contain bitter compounds that stimulate digestion. Clinical studies are lacking.

    Curanderismo of northern Peru
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 200

    Gardenia (zhi zi)

    Gardenia jasminoides

    Traditionally attributed effects: fever-reducing, calming, lowers blood pressure, antibacterial, promotes bile.

    Chinese medical traditions+3Folklore
  • Caution

    Europe · Herb · № 76

    Great yellow gentian

    Gentiana lutea

    The root is one of the most bitter substances known and has long been used to stimulate appetite and digestion. Studies are small.

    Greco-Roman medicine+1
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 596

    Smooth sumac

    Rhus glabra

    Traditionally attributed effects: astringent, cleansing, tonic, wound-healing, antiseptic; strengthens the digestive tract (ulcers, diarrhoea), curbs excessive secretions (urine leakage, night sweats, bleeding), may lower blood sugar, for prolapse.

    Indigenous healing traditions of North America+3
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 305

    Hemp seed

    Cannabis sativa

    Traditionally attributed effects: stimulant laxative.

    Chinese medical traditions+2
  • Caution

    Oceania · Herb · № 842

    Kukui (candlenut)

    Aleurites moluccanus

    A tree whose oil cares for the skin; the nuts are laxative.

    Lāʻau lapaʻau in Hawaiʻi+1
  • Caution

    Asia · Herb · № 671

    Lophatherum (dan zhu ye)

    Lophatherum gracile

    Traditionally attributed effects: cools heat in heart and stomach in restlessness, thirst and mouth ulcers, and in painful urination.

    Chinese medical traditions
  • Caution

    Europe · Herb · № 96

    Feverfew

    Tanacetum parthenium

    Best known for preventing migraine. NCCIH notes the evidence is conflicting: some studies find a small effect, others do not.

    Western herbal medicine+2Folklore
  • Caution

    Africa · Herb · № 813

    Pepper-bark tree

    Warburgia salutaris

    A tree with a peppery, pungent bark, traditionally used for colds, coughs and mouth complaints.

    Traditional healers of Southern Africa
  • Caution

    Europe · Herb · № 45

    Sage

    Salvia officinalis

    A culinary herb. A few small studies suggest possible effects on memory and blood lipids, but evidence is limited.

    Monastic and folk knowledge+4Folklore
  • Caution

    Europe · Herb · № 91

    White willow

    Salix alba

    The bark contains salicin, which the body partly converts to salicylic acid. There are hints of a moderate effect on low back pain and joint pain.

    Greco-Roman medicine+3Folklore
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 964

    Seneca snakeroot

    Polygala senega (syn. Senega officinalis)

    A low milkwort with white flower spikes. The root contains saponins that loosen phlegm and promote coughing; it is in the European Pharmacopoeia as a cough remedy.

    Anishinaabe medicine+1
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 998

    Sourwood

    Oxydendrum arboreum

    A tree of the heath family with drooping sprays of white, bell-shaped flowers in summer and fiery red autumn leaves. The leaves taste sour, hence the name. From the flowers bees make a light, much-prized honey.

    Cherokee medicine
  • Caution

    Europe · Food · № 21

    Elderberry

    Sambucus nigra

    Berries have a folk-use history for cold and flu symptoms; clinical evidence remains preliminary.

    Monastic and folk knowledge+4Folklore
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 969

    Western hemlock

    Tsuga heterophylla

    A large conifer with a drooping top and short, flat needles. The bark is very rich in tannins; the young needles contain vitamin C.

    Kwakwaka'wakw medicine
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 598

    White oak

    Quercus alba

    Traditionally attributed effects: strongly astringent; strengthens lax tissue (diarrhoea, inflamed gums, chronic nasal congestion, weak bladder), stops bleeding (nosebleeds, internal bleeding).

    Indigenous healing traditions of North America+2
  • Caution

    North America · Herb · № 973

    Salmonberry

    Rubus spectabilis

    A bramble with pink flowers and yellow-orange to red berries. Leaves and bark contain tannins and are astringent.

    Kwakwaka'wakw medicine
Image of Salvia divinorum

Featured · Central America and the Caribbean · Curanderismo

Salvia divinorum

Salvia divinorum

A sage with large leaves containing salvinorin A, a very potent substance acting on the kappa opioid receptor. Brings short-lived, often intense changes in perception and the feeling of leaving the body.

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